Root changes in noun declension

When inflecting nouns sometimes it is not enough to add an ending. Root changes may occcur. The examples below show root changes in plural nominative, but the same root change will take place in when a noun is inflected by all cases in singular and plural (as presented in the tables)

Ó - O

nóż-noże

	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nominative (I)	nóż	noże
Genitive (II)	noża	noży
Dative (III)	nożowi	nożom
Accusative (IV)	nóż	noże
Instrumental (V)	nożem	nożami
Locative (VI)	nożu	nożach
Vocative (VII)	nożu	noże

samochód-samochody
pokój-pokoje
stół-stoły
naród-narody
kościół-kościoły
wóz-wozy

Ą - Ę

ząb-zęby

	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nominative (I)	ząb	zęby
Genitive (II)	zęba	zębów
Dative (III)	zębowi	zębom
Accusative (IV)	ząb	zęby
Instrumental (V)	zębem	zębami
Locative (VI)	zębie	zębach
Vocative (VII)	zębie	zęby

dąb-dęby
wąż-węże
błąd-błędy
wzgląd-względy

E - ø

All nouns ending in - EK will have -E removed

worek - worki

	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nominative (I)	worek	worki
Genitive (II)	worka	worków
Dative (III)	workowi	workom
Accusative (IV)	worek	worki
Instrumental (V)	workiem	workami
Locative (VI)	worku	workach
Vocative (VII)	worku	worki

dzbanek - dzbanki

Moreover -E can be removed in other cases too

lew - lwy
kabel - kable
mebel - meble
widelec - widelce

IE - ø

pies-psy

	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nominative (I)	pies	psy
Genitive (II)	psa	psów
Dative (III)	psu	psom
Accusative (IV)	psa	psy
Instrumental (V)	psem	psami
Locative (VI)	psie	psach
Vocative (VII)	psie	psy

wieś-wsie