Locative case (VI)
FUNCTION
The locative case is always used after a preposition.
1)to indicate where something (or someone) is It is used after the prepositions w (in), na (on), przy (at). However not all the prepositions of place are followed by the locative case. w domu |
2)after the preposition o (about) rozmawiać o pracy (to talk about work) |
3)after the preposition po (after) po obiedzie (after dinner) |
INFLECTION
Nouns in locative case are inflected depending on the final sound and gender.
|
MASCULINE -E ending is also connected with a change of the final sound. |
NEUTER Neuter nouns behave in the same way as masculine, but first they lose the final vowel if there’s one. |
FEMININE Endings for feminine are -E ending is also connected with a change of the final sound. Remove final –A first if there’s one. |
b |
b→bi +e |
|
b→bi +e |
c |
c→ci +e |
|
+y |
ć |
+u |
|
+i |
ch |
+u |
+u |
ch→sz +e |
d |
d→dzi +e |
|
d→dzi +e |
dz |
+u |
|
+y |
dź |
+u |
|
+i miedź-miedzi |
f |
f→fi +e |
|
f→fi +e |
g |
+u |
|
g→dz +e |
j |
+u |
+u |
+i |
k |
+u |
+u |
k→c +e |
l |
+u |
+u |
+i |
ł |
ł→l +e |
ł→l +e EXCEPTION zło-złu |
ł→l +e |
m |
m→mi +e EXCEPTION dom-domu |
|
m→mi +e
|
n |
n→ni +e |
n→ni +e |
n→ni +e |
ń |
+u |
|
+i |
p |
p→pi +e |
|
p→pi +e |
r |
r→rz +e |
r→rz +e |
r→rz +e |
rz |
+u |
+u |
+y |
s |
s→si +e |
s→si +e |
s→si +e |
sz |
+u |
|
+y |
t |
t→ci +e |
t→ci +e |
t→ci +e |
w |
w→wi +e |
w→wi +e |
w→wi +e |
z |
z→zi +e |
|
z→zi +e |
ż |
+u |
+u |
+y |
PLURAL
Forming plural locative form is much easier. The ending -ACH works in all situations. Just add it to the singular form. Remove the final vowel first if necassary.
dach |
dachach |
kraj |
krajach |
cena |
cenach |
drzewo |
drzewach |
ROOT CHANGES IN NOUN DECLENSION
Root changes typical only for locative:
A-E
las-lesie
miasto-mieście
ciasto-cieście
świat-świecie
S-Ś
krzesło-krześle
masło-maśle
miasto-mieście
test-teście
As you may have noticed both A-E and S-Ś changes may occur in one word.